{"created":"2023-05-15T10:11:16.746297+00:00","id":856,"links":{},"metadata":{"_buckets":{"deposit":"42029e57-f47e-40c8-a74b-d3ee9e7ddf24"},"_deposit":{"created_by":1,"id":"856","owners":[1],"pid":{"revision_id":0,"type":"depid","value":"856"},"status":"published"},"_oai":{"id":"oai:meio-u.repo.nii.ac.jp:00000856","sets":["61:100"]},"author_link":["1915"],"item_8_biblio_info_22":{"attribute_name":"書誌情報","attribute_value_mlt":[{"bibliographicIssueNumber":"7","bibliographicPageEnd":"34","bibliographicPageStart":"15","bibliographic_titles":[{}]}]},"item_8_description_8":{"attribute_name":"内容記述","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_description":"This paper discusses the optimal age for Japanese learners to learn English and implications for English instruction at the elementary school level. It discusses the Critical Period Hypothesis by reviewing previous studies primarily conducted in natural settings. The issue of optimal age for learning English as a second language is considered from the aspects of neurology, term of acquisition, cognition, social and affective factors and physical factors. Previous studies show inconclusive results about the optimal age for learning English. They only agree that younger learners acquire better pronunciation of English. This study also discusses existing early childhood foreign language programs by reviewing bilingual ESL programs and Canadian immersion programs. Further, this study examines current English teaching professional development for elementary school teachers in Japan and provides an insight into English instruction at Japanese elementary schools.","subitem_description_type":"Other"}]},"item_8_description_9":{"attribute_name":"フォーマット","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_description":"application/pdf","subitem_description_type":"Other"}]},"item_8_publisher_10":{"attribute_name":"公開者・出版者","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_publisher":"名桜大学総合研究所"}]},"item_8_rights_12":{"attribute_name":"権利","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_rights":"名桜大学総合研究所"}]},"item_8_source_id_6":{"attribute_name":"ISSN","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_source_identifier":"1881-5243","subitem_source_identifier_type":"ISSN"}]},"item_8_text_15":{"attribute_name":"タイプ","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_text_value":"紀要論文"}]},"item_8_text_16":{"attribute_name":"NIIタイプ","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_text_value":"Departmental Bulletin Paper"}]},"item_8_text_17":{"attribute_name":"DCMI","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_text_value":"text"}]},"item_8_text_18":{"attribute_name":"収録種別","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_text_value":"紀要論文"}]},"item_8_text_19":{"attribute_name":"収録種別","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_text_value":"02"}]},"item_8_text_20":{"attribute_name":"収録雑誌名","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_text_value":"名桜大学総合研究"}]},"item_8_text_21":{"attribute_name":"NII書誌ID","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_text_value":"AA11740208"}]},"item_8_text_25":{"attribute_name":"著者所属","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_text_value":"名桜大学国際文化学科"}]},"item_8_text_4":{"attribute_name":"別言語の著者","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_text_value":"渡慶次, 正則"}]},"item_8_text_5":{"attribute_name":"作成日","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_text_value":"2005-03-31"}]},"item_8_version_type_24":{"attribute_name":"著者版フラグ","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_version_resource":"http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85","subitem_version_type":"VoR"}]},"item_creator":{"attribute_name":"著者","attribute_type":"creator","attribute_value_mlt":[{"creatorNames":[{"creatorName":"Tokeshi, Masanori"}],"nameIdentifiers":[{"nameIdentifier":"1915","nameIdentifierScheme":"WEKO"}]}]},"item_files":{"attribute_name":"ファイル情報","attribute_type":"file","attribute_value_mlt":[{"accessrole":"open_date","date":[{"dateType":"Available","dateValue":"2020-12-03"}],"displaytype":"detail","filename":"No7p15.pdf","filesize":[{"value":"515.7 kB"}],"format":"application/pdf","licensetype":"license_note","mimetype":"application/pdf","url":{"label":"No7p15.pdf","url":"https://meio-u.repo.nii.ac.jp/record/856/files/No7p15.pdf"},"version_id":"659a4fcf-c2a6-40ee-9793-1263bae33f80"}]},"item_language":{"attribute_name":"言語","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_language":"eng"}]},"item_resource_type":{"attribute_name":"資源タイプ","attribute_value_mlt":[{"resourcetype":"departmental bulletin paper","resourceuri":"http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501"}]},"item_title":"The Optimal Age for Learning English as a Second Language and Its Implications for English Education in Japan","item_titles":{"attribute_name":"タイトル","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_title":"The Optimal Age for Learning English as a Second Language and Its Implications for English Education in Japan"}]},"item_type_id":"8","owner":"1","path":["100"],"pubdate":{"attribute_name":"公開日","attribute_value":"2011-10-21"},"publish_date":"2011-10-21","publish_status":"0","recid":"856","relation_version_is_last":true,"title":["The Optimal Age for Learning English as a Second Language and Its Implications for English Education in Japan"],"weko_creator_id":"1","weko_shared_id":1},"updated":"2023-05-15T10:43:05.128909+00:00"}